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John Joseph Jolly Kyle (1838-1922) was a pioneering Argentine chemist. Born and educated in Scotland, he emigrated to Argentina in 1862, and on the outbreak of the Paraguayan War served as a pharmacist in the Argentine Army medical corps. He became an Argentine citizen in 1873. At the time Kyle was active specialisation was not an option in Latin American chemistry and it was necessary for a chemist to be a sort of polymath or jack-of-all-trades.〔"Those who gave themselves to chemistry were compelled to be encyclopediasts -- his bibliography shows it -- that is to say, they had to assign their activities to all branches of that science": Herrero Ducloux, reference 7, page 175 (translation).〕 Kyle was appointed professor of chemistry at the Colegio Nacional de Buenos Aires in 1871, and chief chemist to the Casa de Moneda de la República Argentina (the Argentine Mint) in 1881. He was appointed professor of organic chemistry at the University of Buenos Aires (1889); Chemist to the Inspectorate-General of Sanitary Works (1890); professor of industrial chemistry at the Colegio Nacional (1892); and professor of inorganic chemistry at Buenos Aires University (1896). He was director of the first chemistry doctoral thesis in Argentina (1901).〔Máximo Barón, Chemistry in Argentina, ''Chemistry International'', vol 22, No. 4, July 2000, 97 at 99 "()〕 The Premio "Dr. Juan J. J. Kyle", awarded quinquennially by the Argentine Chemical Association for the best contribution to any branch of chemistry, and its most prestigious prize, is named in his honour.〔Asociación Química Argentina, Premios AQA (), accessed 28 March 2015.〕 ==Early life== Kyle was born in Stirling, Scotland on 2 February 1838. He completed an apprenticeship with an Edinburgh pharmacy in 1851 and became assistant to Dr Stevenson Macadam,〔Macadam, MacAdam and McAdam (), accessed 29 March 2015.〕 lecturer in chemistry to Surgeons' Hall, Edinburgh. He made his first scientific discovery at the age of 18.〔''On the Chemical Composition of an ancient Iron Slag found at Lochgoilhead, Argylshire'', 27th Meeting of the British Association (1858), Miscellaneous Contributions to the Sections, p. 57〕 Moving to the field of industrial chemistry, he was head of the chemical laboratory of Glasgow University and then manager of an animal charcoal manufacturer in Greenock. He emigrated to Argentina in July 1862. When President-Marshall Solano Lopez of Paraguay invaded Corrientes Province in 1865 there broke out the War of the Triple Alliance and Kyle joined the medical corps of the Argentine Army as a pharmacist with the rank of lieutenant. He participated in the siege of Uruguaiana (where the defenders were reduced to living on lump sugar), the three-day battle of the Boquerón and in the Battle of Tuyutí, the bloodiest international battle in the history of South America. He served on board the hospital ship Pavón and returned to Buenos Aires in December 1866 in charge of a convoy of wounded soldiers. HIs wartime experiences led him to take a foundational interest in the Argentine Red Cross Society, of which he was made an honorary member in 1896. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「John Joseph Jolly Kyle」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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